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Objective:To understand the knowledge and behavior changes of pregnant women on iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) prevention and treatment in iodine deficiency areas in Anhui Province before and after the implementation of the intervention measures, and to provide a scientific basis for pregnant women's iodine nutrition improvement.Methods:From March to December 2018, from Lujiang County, an iodine deficiency area in Anhui Province, Lucheng and Nihe towns were selected as the survey sites. Relying on the township health centers, pregnant women in early pregnancy (≤12 weeks) were selected as the survey subjects, and long-term follow-up was conducted. The edible salt samples of pregnant women in early pregnancy were collected and salt iodine content was detected by direct titration method. The urine samples of pregnant women in the morning in early, middle (13 - 28 weeks) and late pregnancies (≥29 weeks) were collected, urinary iodine content was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Baseline questionnaire survey was conducted for pregnant women in early pregnancy, mainly including basic information, IDD prevention and treatment knowledge (pregnant women prone to iodine deficiency, the harm of iodine deficiency in pregnant women, suitable iodine supplement methods for pregnant women and foods with high iodine content), and the consumption frequency of iodine-rich foods. After the baseline survey, the knowledge publicity on IDD prevention and treatment was carried out in townships, and iodine-rich foods such as kelp and laver were recommended to supplement iodine. The intervention activities lasted for 6 months, and retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted on pregnant women in late pregnancy.Results:A total of 128 edible salt samples were collected from the families of pregnant women in early pregnancy, and the median salt iodine was 21.5 mg/kg. The iodized salt coverage rate was 99.2% (127/128), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 98.4% (125/127), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.7% (125/128). A total of 129, 95 and 70 urine samples were collected from pregnant women in early, middle and late pregnancies, the medians urinary iodine were 179.0, 185.5 and 189.7 μg/L, respectively, all of which were at the appropriate iodine level. The total awareness rates of IDD prevention and treatment before and after intervention were 22.4% (28/125) and 64.6% (82/127), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 45.538, P < 0.01). Compared with the awareness rates before the intervention, the awareness rates of the harm of iodine deficiency in pregnant women, suitable iodine supplement methods for pregnant women and foods with high iodine content were all higher after the intervention ( P < 0.01). There were statistically significant differences in the frequency of eating kelp, laver and other iodine-rich foods among pregnant women in early, middle and late pregnancies (χ 2 = 163.170, 102.373, P < 0.01). Before the intervention, 57 (45.2%) pregnant women had not eaten kelp, which decreased to 1 (0.8%) pregnant woman after the intervention. Before the intervention, 72 (57.1%) pregnant women had not eaten laver and other iodine-rich foods, which decreased to 7 (5.5%) pregnant women after the intervention. Conclusions:After the intervention, the awareness rate of IDD prevention and treatment knowledge and the frequency and proportion of iodine-rich foods consumption among pregnant women in iodine deficiency areas in Anhui Province have increased significantly. It is recommended to carry out publicity and education on IDD prevention and treatment knowledge in early pregnancy.
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Objective:To establish an enzyme-labeled instrument automatic colorimetric method for determination of iodine content in human urine.Methods:The enzyme-labeled instrument automatic colorimetric method was used to determine the iodine content in human urine. The linear range, detection limit and precision of the method were verified. And the urine iodine test results were compared with the results tested by national health industry standard as arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry.Results:The linear range of iodine standard curve of the enzyme-labeled instrument automatic colorimetric method was 0 - 300 μg/L, the linear correlation coefficient ( r) was - 0.999 5 to - 0.999 2, and the detection limit was 6.5 μg/L. The relative standard deviation ( RSD) of urine samples with low, medium and high iodine concentration were all < 3%, the recovery rate ranged from 92.2% to 109.2%, and the total average recovery rate was 99.6%. There was no significant difference in the detection results of iodine content in 40 urine samples between the enzyme-labeled instrument automatic colorimetric method and arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry ( t = 1.347, P > 0.05); and the detection speed of the enzyme-labeled instrument automatic colorimetric method was 7.5 times of the arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry. Conclusion:The enzyme-labeled instrument automatic colorimetric method has a reasonable linear range, good precision and high accuracy in determination of urinary iodine content, and the enzyme-labeled instrument automatied fast colorimetry has improved the analysis speed, it is suitable for detection of large quantities of samples.
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Objective:To establish an automatic colorimetric method for determination of iodine in drinking water by enzyme-labeled instrument (hereinafter referred to as this method).Methods:The water iodine was measured in the range of 0 - 10 μg/L and 0 - 100 μg/L, experiments were carried out on linear relationship, detection limit, precision and accuracy of this method. And the results were compared with the National Reference Laboratory for Iodine Deficiency Disorders recommended arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry method.Results:In the range of 0 - 10 μg/L and 0 - 100 μg/L, all│ r│ > 0.999 0, the detection limits were 0.6 and 1.1 μg/L (samples were 200 and 100 μl), respectively; the relative standard deviation ( RSD) of water samples of low, medium and high iodine mass concentrations were < 3%, the recovery rates ranged from 92.5% to 108.3% and 93.2% to 108.9%, with a total average recovery of 100.0% and 100.3%, respectively. This method and arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry method were used to detect 40 water samples in the range of 0 - 10 μg/L and 0 - 100 μg/L, there was no significant difference in water iodine content between the two methods ( t = 0.99, P > 0.05). Conclusion:This method has good linear curve relationship for determination of water iodine content, good precision and high accuracy, and it is suitable for wide application.
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Objective To verify the feasibility and application value of arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry for determination of iodine in serum.Methods The blood samples of adults were collected and the iodine standard curve of 0-300 μg/L was prepared.Referring to "The Method for Determination of Chemical Substances in Biomaterials",the present method was tested in terms of linear relationship,minimum detection limit,precision and accuracy.Results The correlation coefficient of the method was-0.999 7--0.999 4 (n =6) and the minimum detection limit was 5.13 μg/L in the range of 0-300 μg/L standard curve.Precision verification displayed that the variable coefficient of three different iodine concentration serum samples were 0.89％,1.88％,0.67％.And the accuracy verification displayed that the recovery of iodine standard was 93.90％-107.04％,and the total average recovery was 99.48％.Conclusion The method has been proved to be of good linearity,high precision and high accuracy in the determination of serum iodine,which meets the requirements of biological sample analysis.
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Objective To explore the iodine nutritional status of people after adjusting iodine content in iodized salt in Anhui Province. Methods In 2014, 30 counties (cities, districts) were selected in Anhui Province according to the probability ratio sampling method (PPS), and one school was selected in each county (city, district), and 50 children aged 8 - 10 years were selected in each school. Urine and household salt samples were collected, urine and salt iodine levels were tested, and thyroid was examined using B-ultrasound. In the township where the school was located, 20 pregnant women's urine samples and household salt samples were collected for urine and salt iodine detection. The salt iodine level was measured by direct titration, Chuan salt and other fortified salt iodine levels were determined by arbitration method (GB/T 13025.7-2012). Urinary iodine was determined by arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006). Results A total of 1575 children's household salt samples were collected, the median salt iodine was 23.77 mg/kg, the qualified iodized salt consumption rate was 93.65％(1475/1575); 600 household salt samples were collected from pregnant women, the salt iodine median was 23.50 mg/kg, the consumption rate of qualified iodine salt was 96.33％( 578/600 ) . A total of 1575 urine samples were collected from children, the median urinary iodine was 242.20 μg/L; six hundred urine samples were collected from pregnant women, and the median urinary iodine was 158.15μg/L, 43.33％(13/30) of the counties (cities, districts) pregnant wowen median urinary iodine < 150 μg/L. A total of 1575 thyroid glands were examined in children aged 8 to 10 years, and the thyroid enlargement rate was 3.75％ (59/1575). Conclusion The iodine nutrition of children aged 8 - 10 years in Anhui Province is higher than the appropriate level, but the iodine is not in the excessive state, and the iodine nutrition of pregnant women in some counties (cities, districts) is insufficient.
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Objective To establish a method for automatic determination of iodine content in drinking water by flow injection analysis (FIA) without arsenic. Methods In the dilute nitric acid solution, iodide ion in appropriate amount of nitrous acid solution could catalyze the orange red iron thiocyanate complex fade, and the use of this method combined with flow injection analysis technology formulated a flow injection method, and experimental conditions of the method were optimized. The linear relationship and linear range of the standard curve, the detection limit, the precision and the accuracy of the sample determination were implemented under the optimized conditions. Results The optimum concentration of potassium thiocyanate solution (0.15 mol/L) and sodium nitrite was 27.30 ml and 8.00 g/L, respectively, by series of experimental studies. Under the condition, the linear range of the standard curve was 0-500μg/L, the standard curve linear relationship coefficient≥0.9990;method detection limit was 5.94μg/L; in precision experiment of low, medium and high concentrations of iodine, the coefficients of variation were 1.19%, 1.92%and 2.06%;in accuracy test, recovery rates were 100.49%-107.84%, and the total recovery rate was 103.15%. Conclusions The flow injection analysis method can be used to replace arsenic cerium catalyzed spectrophotometric detection of iodide in water; when the method is used in detection of the sample water iodide content of 0 - 500 μg/L, it has good precision and accuracy, automatic injection, automatic filling reagents and automatic detection system to reduce the burden on the staff, with arsenic-free reagents and reduced environmental pollution and the health hazards of the inspectors, which is suitable for iodine screening in high iodine areas.
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Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease. Recent studies have shown that chronic stress (CS) might modulate periodontal disease, but there are few models of CS-induced periodontitis, and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The present study established a rat model of periodontitis associated with CS induced by nylon thread ligatures. The severity of periodontitis was evaluated in this model by radiographic and pathological examination. The inflammatory reaction indicated by the elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and glucocorticoid receptor-α (GR-α) expressions were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR and western blotting. Open-field tests and serum corticosterone were used to evaluate CS. The results showed that CS induced behavioral changes and increased corticosterone levels of the animals with periodontitis. CS stimulation markedly increased alveolar bone loss, periodontal pocket depth and the number of plaques. It also enhanced the inflammatory reaction. These results suggest that CS accelerated the ligature-induced pathological changes associated with periodontitis. Further analysis of the mechanisms involved showed that GR-α expression was significantly downregulated in periodontal tissues of the animals undergoing CS. Blocking GR-α signaling in lipopolysaccharide and corticosteroid-treated human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells in vitro significantly upregulated the expression of p-Akt (protein kinase B) and TLR4, promoted nuclear factor-κB activity and increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. This research suggests that CS might accelerate the pathological progression of periodontitis by a GR-α signaling-mediated inflammatory response and that this may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of periodontal disease, particularly in patients with CS.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Alveolar Bone Loss , Blotting, Western , Corticosterone , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fibroblasts , In Vitro Techniques , Interleukin-6 , Interleukin-8 , Interleukins , Ligation , Models, Animal , Nylons , Periodontal Diseases , Periodontal Ligament , Periodontal Pocket , Periodontitis , PhosphotransferasesABSTRACT
Objective To establish a method for determination of urinary iodine by an automatic biochemical analyzer,and to analysis the applicability on the detetion of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods An automatic biochemical analyzer was used to determine urinary iodine content.Linear range,detection limit,precision,recovery and so on were studied.Results The linear range was 0-300 μg/L;the detection limit was 1.57 μg/L (600 μl sample);the relative standard deviations (RSD) were 1.30％,0.83％ and 1.05％ when measuring urine samples with iodine concentrations of (84.8±1.1),(156.5 ± 1.3) and (227.7 ± 2.4)μg/L,respectively;the average recovery was 98.0％,100.1％ and 98.6％,and the total average recovery was 98.9％,when measuring urine samples containing three different iodine concentrations.The test results of standard material were all within the required ranges.The difference of measuring 24 urine samptes in the field by this method and the standard method was not statistically significant by paired t test (t =0.35,P ＞ 0.05).Compared with standard method,the amount usage of arsenic trioxide was reduced to 2％ (0.50 to 25.00 mg per sample).Conclusions The method has theadvantages of simple operation,low requirement for environment,and the linear rang of detection is reasonable.Using this method,the usage of highly toxic reagent can be greatly reduced,as well as the risk of harm to personnel health and the level of environment pollution.The standard solution and reagents can be prepared by ourselves,which greatly reduces the costs.With short reaction time,high detection speed and measuring automatically for large numbers of samples,this method for determination of urinary iodine by an automatic biochemical analyzer can be applied in monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders.
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@#Objective To observe the effects of balance visual feedback training on balance function and walking capacity in patients with hemiplegia. Methods40 patients with hemiplegia were divided into the visual feedback group (n=20) and balance board training group (n=20). They were assessed with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Holden Walking Classification before and 5 weeks after treatment. ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups before treatment in both BBS and Holden Walking Classification (P>0.05). The visual feedback group improved more than the balance board training group (P<0.01). ConclusionThe balancer visual feedback training is more effective on balance function and walking ability in stroke patients with hemiplegia.
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@#Objective To observe the effects of hand function training with continuous passive motion (CPM) on hand spasm and function of the hemiplegic patients.Methods 60 hemiplegic patients after stroke or brain trauma and with hand spasm were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group with 30 cases in each group. The cases in the treatment group were treated mainly with the method of CPM together with the routine rehabilitation procedures, while the those in the control group were only treated with the routine rehabilitation procedures. The changes of hand spasm and function of two groups were observed.Results After four weeks' treatment, the efficacy of the treatment group was obviously better than that of the control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion The rehabilitation training is an effective method for treatment of hemiplegia, and CPM is an important auxiliary method in the treatment. These two Methods combined together can shorten the course of treatment, and strengthen cure efficacy.